The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empireball against an array of European powers formed into various coalitions. They revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modern mass conscription and the Industrial Revolution. The wars are traditionally seen as a continuation of the Revolutionary Wars, which broke out in 1792 during the French Revolution. Initially, Franceball was very successful, but ended up biting off more than it could chew, eventually leading to its defeat in 1815.
French Revolution and Revolutionary Wars (1789/1792-1803)
Prior to 1789, Franceball was an absolute monarchy under the rule of the Ancièn Regime, weakened by years of decadence, embezzlement, corruption, and financing foreign wars, such as the Seven Years War (1754-1763) and the American War for Independence (1775-1783). In 1789, the French Revolution saw Franceball become a constitutional monarchy in 1791, like Great Britainball, but she abolished its monarchy in 1792, leading to the War of the First Coalition, when Austriaball, Prussiaball, Holy Roman Empireball and Sardiniaball tried to make Kingdom of Franceball an absolute monarchy again. She defeated the First Coalition at the Battle of Valmy in 1792, and established the new French Republic, with new months and days and a metric system, along with a new decimalised currency.
However, in January 1793, Franceball destroyed her monarchist parts, which caused the Dutch Republicball, Great Britainball and Hanoverball, Portugalball, Spainball, Naplesball and Sicilyball declare war on Franceball. She pushed back, and Spainball and Prussiaball made peace early. Meanwhile, Franceball was raging internally in a series of upheavals known as the Reign of Terror (1793-94). Counter-revolutionary movements in her Vendee regions also caused trouble, but Franceball sorted those problems out before defeating the Second Coalition in 1795-1802. After the Reign of Terror, Franceball established a Directory to help sort things out domestically.
Between 1795 and 1799, Franceball achieved various military successes against the Coalition, such as defeating Austriaball at the battle of the bridge near Milanball in 1796, capturing Papal Statesball's Rome that year, defeating and annexing most of Sardiniaball's clay and establishing the clay of Austriaball's son Austrian Netherlandsball for herself and that of Dutch Republicball as puppet state, renaming him Batavian Republicball. Great Britainball raised a strong navy to help defeat and contain his enemy, who tried to invade Egyptball's clay in 1798 to disrupt Great Britainball's trade routes with his adoptive Indian Princely stateballs. Great Britainball destroyed Franceball's navy at the Battle of Aboukir Bay (the Battle of the Nile) in 1798, causing Franceball to be stuck in Egyptball. She tried going up to Syriaball, but was stopped by Ottoman Empireball there as well. In 1799 it returned to its home clay, to have a coup d'etat and establish a consulship over the Directory in the Coup d'Brumaire.
The War of the Second Coalition continued in 1799, with the absolute defeat of Austriaball at the Battle of Marengo in 1800, and the surrender of the Holy Roman Empireball in 1801, and the Peace Treaty of Amiens was signed in 1802 with United Kingdomball. However, both countryballs knew peace wasn't going to last very long, and continued building up large armies and navies. In 1800, Russiaball had established the Armed League of Northern Neutrality, and United Kingdomball had to send a fleet to convince it's members to trade with him, defeating Denmark-Norwayball at the Battle of Copenhagen (1801). The same year the League broke up. In 1803 Franceball asked Spainball for French Louisianaball and sold him to United Statesball. Later on it seemed United Kingdomball chased Franceball's navy to the West Indies to no avail. Franceball had liberated its slaves in the colonial plantations in 1791, and United Kingdomball would follow in 1807. Haitiball became independent in 1804, and Archduchy of Austriaball became Austrian Empireball that same year. By now, United Kingdomball had stopped worrying about Franceball invading his clay, and started to plan her defeat.
Wars of the Third, Fourth and Fifth Coalitions (1803-1813)
Franceball by 1804 was the dominant power in Western Europe, have becoming the First French Empireball, and established a protectorate over the Swiss cantonballs known as the Helvetic Republicball, where she intervened in 1802 to stop a nationalistic uprising there. In 1805, however it was defeated by United Kingdomball at the Battle of Trafalgar, despite shooting United Kingdomball in his Nelsonian parts and allying with Spainball. The War of the Third and Fourth Coalition saw Franceball push against Prussiaball and the Holy Roman Empireball in 1805/6 at the battles of Austerlitz and Jena-Auerstedt, resulting in the dissolution of Holy Roman Empireball, and the formation of the Confederation of the Rhineball, formed by the German Stateballs loyal to Franceball. The Kingdom of Westphaliaball and Duchy of Warsawball were born here, and in 1809 which was during the war of the Fifth Coalition Austriaball signed a peace with Franceball, that saw lots of his territory being taken away from her, and Franceball acquiring more clay in Italyball and Illyriaball, in the Treaty of Schönbrunn, after defeating Franceball at the battle of Aspern-Essling, but failing to advance at the battle of Wagram.
Franceball also established a trade network with the other continental European balls known as the Continental System, in a bid to destroy United Kingdomball's economic growth by embargoing United Kingdomball's goods. However, smuggling made this ineffective. Meanwhile, in 1807 United Kingdomball blew up Copenhagen again in Denmark-Norwayball, under the pretense that Denmark-Norwayball was collaborating with Franceball. After the Battle of Copenhagen (1807), Denmark-Norwayball allied with Franceball, and United Kingdomball captured Heligolandball. United Kingdomball and Swedenball both fought wars with Russiaball. Swedenball seceded Finlandball to Russiaball in 1809.
In 1808, Franceball and her ally Spainball started a campaign to invade Portugalball's clay, because he was allied with United Kingdomball. However, Franceball betrayed Spainball, and invaded her clay instead, taking Madrid, but Spainball fought with guerilla tactics against Franceball, frustrating her for a few years in the Penninsular War (1808-1813). By 1811, Franceball had become the dominant power on the European continent by far, with only United Kingdomball to oppose her. However, by 1812 Russiaball had started to refuse to comply with the Continental system, and in 1812, Franceball and her new client state, the Duchy of Warsawball along with the client states of Italyball, Naplesball, Rhine Confederationball, Switzerlandball and Spainball with allies of Prussiaball and Austriaball invaded Russiaball's clay with the Grand Armeé.
However, Russiaball used scorched earth and guerilla tactics, and coupled with the size of his massive clay and his accustomed to fighting in winter, made him a formidable enemy, and by the time Franceball reached Moscow, Russiaball had abandoned and burned the city to the ground, keeping in line with his scorched earth defensives. Russiaball then attacked Franceball with his Cossacks at Borodino, after blocking its retreat route at Malyaroslavets, and raiding her supply dumps at Smolensk. Although the Battle of Borodino was a victory for Franceball, it left her starving, freezing and desperately weakened. By the time she reached Warsaw again, she was much weaker than she had been before she invaded Russiaball's clay, and the other powers of Europe saw their chance to defeat Franceball once and for all. The War of 1812 between United Statesball with his native allies and United Kingdomball and Spainball with their native allies also happened somewhere around here, but it is mostly irrelevant to the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, apart from United Kingdomball searching and confiscating United Statesball's ships because of the war in Europe.
Defeat of the First French Empire (1813-1815)
After Franceball's defeat at the hands of Russiaball, she hurried home and raised a large army, but when the War of the Sixth Coaltion broke out in 1813, despite initial success at the battle of Dresdenball, she was defeated at the battle of Leipzig, after she rejected the truce of Pläswitz, by the combined forces of Russiaball, Austriaball, Prussiaball, Swedenball the German states of Mecklenburg-Schwerinball, Saxonyball and Württembergball and also United Kingdomball. Meanwhile, she lost the Penninsular War to Spainball, Portugalball and United Kingdomball, who, and along with, Hanoverball, Sicilyball and Sardiniaball were apart the Sixth Coalition against Franceball. Denmark-Norwayball was defeated and forced to secede Norwayball to Swedenball. With the Armies of the Sixth Coalition rapidly advancing on Parisball, Franceball panicked, and signed the peace treaty of Fountainbleau in 1814, leaving her Bonapartist parts on the island of Elba, now Principality of Elbaball.
The First Treaty of Parisball, signed by Franceball during the First Bourbon Restoration of 1814, saw Franceball become a constitutional monarchy once again. But her Bonapartist parts escaped from Elba, and in 1815 it raised another large army in Paris to fight the amassing armies of the Seventh Coalition. She decided to head for Brussels first, defeating Prussiaball at the battle of Les Quatre Bras, but she was ultimately defeated by the combined forces of United Kingdomball, Prussiaball, Netherlandsball, Hanoverball, Nassauball and Brunswickball at the Battle of Waterloo, on the 18th of June 1815.
Aftermath
Franceball tried to escape after the battle was lost, but was captured by United Kingdomball, and this time she had her Bonapartist parts taken to St Helenaball's clay, where it died in 1821. The Second Treaty of Paris saw Franceball become a constitutional monarchy for the second time, and it also had to pay for the costs of the Allied armies of the Seventh Coalition. The Congress of Vienna was temporarily set up to redraw the borders of Europe, forming the German Confederationball, and reducing Franceball's clay to it's 1792 borders (kinda). The Concert of Europe was also set up to improve European affairs, a predecessor to EUball, but it fell apart in the mid-nineteenth century.
Franceball was weakened after the wars, but she catapulted and United Kingdomball became the world's sole superpower during Pax Brittanica throughout the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, until World War I. Franceball's Bonapartist instincts would come again in 1852, when she would become the Second French Empireball for a couple of decades. Sardiniaball unified the other Italian states into Italyball. Also Prussiaball unified the other German States into Germanyball just like Sardiniaball with the Italian states, and finally the wars saw immigration to United Statesball's clay, helping him manifest destiny in the coming years and become a superpower. The ideals of the original French Revolution were brought back to life in the various revolutions of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and liberty and equality became sought after by many countryballs thereafter, even now, 200 years after the Battle of Waterloo. Meanwhile France's only ally Naplesball got defeated at the Battle of Tolentino (2-3 May 1815), which is similar to the Battle of Waterloo, by Austriaball and Tuscanyball.
Belligerents
First Coalition (1792-97)
Franceball and Allies:
- Kingdom of Franceball (1792)
- French Republicball (from 1792)
- Duchy of Bouillonball (1792)
- Batavian Republicball (from 1795)
- Cispadane Republicball (1796-1797)
- Transpadane Republicball (1796-1797)
- Ligurian Republicball (from 1797)
- Cisalpine Republicball (from 1797)
- Prince-Bishopric of Liègeball (1793-1795)
- Kingdom of Spainball (from 1796)
Coalition against Franceball:
- Archduchy of Austriaball (until 1797)
- Duchy of Milanball (until 1796)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscanyball (until 1797)
- Holy Roman Empire of the German Nationball (until 1797)
- Kingdom of Prussiaball (until 1795)
- Prince-Bishopric of Würzburgball (until 1795)
- Russian Empireball (until 1795)
- Armée des émigrésball
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball (until 1796)
- Swiss Confederationball (1792)
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Kasselball (until 1795)
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadtball (until 1795)
- Duchy of Württembergball (until 1796)
- Margraviate of Badenball (until 1795)
- Principality of Brunwick-Woflenbüttelball (until 1795)
- Republic of the Seven United Netherlandsball (1793-1795)
- Great Britainball (from 1793)
- East India Companyball (from 1793)
- Electorate of Hanoverball (from 1793)
- Kingdom of Corsicaball (1794-1796)
- Principality of Monacoball (1793)
- Catholic and Royal Army of Vendéeball (1793)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball (from 1793)
- Kingdom of Spainball (1793-1795)
- Kingdom of Sicilyball (1793-1796)
- Kingdom of Naplesball (1793-1796)
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadtball (1793-1795)
- Electorate of Saxonyball (1793-1795)
- Electorate of Bavariaball (1793-1795)
- Republic of Genoaball (1795-1797)
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenzaball (1796)
- State of the Churchball (1796)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggioball (1796)
- Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carraraball (1796)
- Most Serene Republic of Veniceball (1796-1797)
Co-belligerents of the Coalition against Franceball:
- Haitian Rebels
- Fédéralistesball (1793)
Not Aligned with the Coalition or Franceball:
Second Coalition (1798-1802)
Franceball and Allies:
- French Republicball
- Batavian Commonwealthball
- Cisalpine Republicball (until 1799, 1800-1802)
- Italian Republicball (from 1802)
- Helvetic Republicball
- Kingdom of Etruriaball (from 1801)
- Most Serene Republic of Luccaball (from 1801)
- Ligurian Republicball (until 1800, from 1800)
- Roman Republicball (until 1799)
- Irish Republicball (1798)
- Piedmontese Republicball (until 1799)
- Subalpine Republicball (from 1800)
- Parthenopean Republicball (1799)
- Kingdom of Spainball
Co-belligerents of Franceball:
- Denmark-Norwayball (1801)
- Duchy of Holsteinball (1801)
Coalition against Franceball:
- Great Britainball (until 1800)
- Kingdom of Irelandball (until 1800)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball (1801-1802)
- East India Companyball (until 1802)
- Electorate of Hanoverball (until 1802)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball (until 1801)
- State of Brazilball (until 1801)
- Sublime Ottoman Stateball
- National Congress Battalionsball (until 1800)
- Kingdom of Naplesball (until 1799, 1799-1801)
- Kingdom of Sicilyball (until 1801)
- Archduchy of Austriaball (until 1801)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscanyball (until 1801)
- Holy Roman Empire of the German Nationball (until 1801)
- Russian Empireball (until 1800)
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball (until 1801)
- Electorate of Bavariaball (until 1801)
- Most Serene Republic of Luccaball (1799-1800)
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenzaball (1799-1801)
- Papal Statesball (1799-1800)
Co-belligerents of the Coalition against Franceball:
- Haitian Rebels
- Brigands
- United States of Americaball (until 1800)
Third Coalition (1803-06)
Franceball and Allies:
- French Republicball
- Batavian Commonwealthball (until 1806)
- Kingdom of Hollandball (from 1806)
- Italian Republicball (until 1805)
- Kingdom of Italyball (from 1805)
- Swiss Confederationball
- Kingdom of Etruriaball
- Republic of Valaisball
- Most Serene Republic of Luccaball (until 1805)
- Principality of Lucca and Piombinoball (from 1805)
- Ligurian Republicball (until 1805)
- Kingdom of Naplesball (from 1806)
- Confederated States of the Rhineball (from 1806)
- Electorate of Badenball (from 1806)
- Kingdom of Bavariaball (from 1806)
- Grand Duchy of Bergball (from 1806)
- Kingdom of Württembergball (from 1806)
- Grand Duchy of Würzburgball (from 1806)
- Kingdom of Spainball (from 1804)
- Electorate of Bavariaball (1805-1806)
- Kingdom of Bavariaball (1806)
- Grand Duchy of Würzburgball (1806)
- Electorate of Badenball (1805-1806)
- Electorate of Württembergball (1805-1806)
- Kingdom of Württembergball (1806)
- Kingdom of Prussiaball (1805-1806)
- Grand Duchy of Bergball (1806)
Co-belligerents of Franceball and Allies:
Coalition against Franceball:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball
- Electorate of Hanoverball (1803)
- Russian Empireball (from 1805)
- Kingdom of Sicilyball (from 1805)
- Kingdom of Naplesball (1805-1806)
- Empire of Austriaball (1805)
- Kingdom of Swedenball (from 1805)
Supported by:
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball (from 1804)
Co-belligerents of the Coalition against Franceball:
- Haitian Rebels (1803)
Fourth Coalition (1806-07)
Franceball and Allies:
- French Republicball
- Kingdom of Hollandball
- Kingdom of Italyball
- Swiss Confederationball
- Kingdom of Etruriaball
- Republic of Valaisball
- Principality of Lucca and Piombinoball
- Kingdom of Naplesball
- Confederated States of the Rhineball
- Electorate of Badenball (until 1806)
- Grand Duchy of Badenball (from 1806)
- Kingdom of Bavariaball
- Grand Duchy of Bergball
- Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhineball
- Kingdom of Saxonyball (from 1806)
- Kingdom of Westphaliaball (from 1807)
- Kingdom of Württembergball
- Grand Duchy of Würzburgball
- Duchy of Warsawball (from 1807)
- Kingdom of Spainball
- Sublime Ottoman Stateball (until 1807)
Co-belligerents of Franceball and Allies:
Coalition against Franceball:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball
- Russian Empireball (until 1807)
- Kingdom of Sicilyball
- Kingdom of Swedenball
- Electorate of Saxonyball (1806)
- Kingdom of Prussiaball (until 1807)
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball
- Principality of Guriaball (until 1807)
- Principality of Moldaviaball (until 1807)
- Principality of Wallachiaball (until 1807)
- Revolutionary Serbiaball (until 1807)
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegroball (until 1807)
Supported by:
Fifth Coalition (1809)
Franceball and Allies:
- French Empireball
- Russian Empireball
- Kingdom of Prussiaball
- Principality of Moldaviaball
- Principality of Wallachiaball
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegroball
- Denmark-Norwayball
Coalition against Franceball:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball
- Kingdom of Sicilyball
- Kingdom of Swedenball
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball
- Persian Empireball
- Sublime Ottoman Stateball
- Spainball
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball
- Empire of Austriaball (until 1809)
- Brunswickers Ducal Braunschweig Field Corps
- Gottschee Germans
Not Aligned with the Coalition or Franceball:
Sixth Coalition (1813-1814)
Franceball and Allies:
- French Empireball
- Kingdom of Italyball (until 1814)
- Swiss Confederationball (until 1814)
- Principality of Lucca and Piombinoball (until 1814)
- Kingdom of Naplesball (1813)
- Confederated States of the Rhineball (1813)
- Grand Duchy of Badenball (1813)
- Kingdom of Bavariaball (1813)
- Grand Duchy of Bergball (1813)
- Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhineball (1813)
- Kingdom of Saxonyball (1813)
- Kingdom of Westphaliaball (1813)
- Kingdom of Württembergball (1813)
- Grand Duchy of Würzburgball (1813)
- Duchy of Warsawball (1813)
- Free City of Danzigball (until 1814)
- Kingdom of Spainball (1813)
- Denmark-Norwayball (until 1814)
- Duchy of Holsteinball (until 1814)
Co-belligerents of Franceball and Allies:
- Persian Empireball
- United States of Americaball
- Lower Creekball
- Cherokee Nationball
- Choctawball
- Tuscaroraball
Coalition against Franceball:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball
- Kingdom of Sicilyball
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball
- Spainball
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball
- Ducal Braunschweig Field Corps
- Russian Empireball
- Kingdom of Swedenball
- Kingdom of Prussiaball
- Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerinball
- Empire of Austriaball
- Duchy of Parma and Piacenzaball (from 1814)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggioball (from 1814)
- Kingdom of Bavariaball
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegroball
- Grand Duchy of Badenball
- Principality of Liechtensteinball
- Kingdom of Saxonyball
- Kingdom of Württembergball
- Kingdom of Naplesball
- Electorate of Hesseball
- Grand Duchy of Oldenburgball
- Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlandsball
- Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhineball
- Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringenball
- Duchy of Nassauball
- Grand Duchy of Würzburgball
- Danish Unitary Stateball (from 1814)
- Duchy of Holsteinball (from 1814)
- Swiss Confederationball (from 1814)
- Republic of Genoaball (from 1814)
Not Aligned with the Coalition or Franceball:
- United Provinces of Río de la Plataball
- United Provinces of New Granadaball
- Kingdom of Chileball
- Republic of Paraguayball
- Republic of Haitiball
- Republic of Venezuelaball
Seventh Coalition (1815)
Franceball and Allies:
Coalition against Franceball:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandball
- Kingdom of Sicilyball
- Kingdom of Sardiniaball
- Spainball
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarvesball
- Duchy of Brunswickball
- Russian Empireball
- United Kingdoms of Swedenball and Norwayball
- Kingdom of Prussiaball
- Empire of Austriaball
- Kingdom of Bavariaball
- Principality of Liechtensteinball
- Kingdom of Württembergball
- Kingdom of the Netherlandsball
- Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringenball
- Duchy of Nassauball
- Danish Unitary Stateball
- Swiss Confederationball
- Kingdom of Naplesball
Not Aligned with the Coalition or Franceball:
- United Provinces of Río de la Plataball
- United Provinces of New Granadaball
- Republic of Paraguayball
- Republic of Haitiball
- United States of Americaball
Gallery
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By u/ThatOtherKageBoi